PACTF DRM

Writeup by hgarrereyn

  • Reverse Engineering
  • 40 points
  • The flag is in encrypted.txt. You also get the decoder software. Unfortunately, the software is protected by its own custom DRM(Digital Rights Management). …And it’s very protective about its things.

Solution

We've been given some decoding software as well as the encrypted flag.

Running the program we see that it does not want to cooperate.

$ ./drm
Sorry buddy. But I'm not gonna decrypt it for you.

Let's look at the assembly to see what functions we are provided:

main

                    main:
000000000040274b         push       rbp                                         ; DATA XREF=_start+29
000000000040274c         mov        rbp, rsp
000000000040274f         sub        rsp, 0x40
0000000000402753         mov        rax, qword [fs:0x28]
000000000040275c         mov        qword [rbp+var_8], rax
0000000000402760         xor        eax, eax
0000000000402762         mov        dword [flagLength], 0x10
000000000040276c         mov        esi, 0x403b50                               ; "Sorry buddy. But I'm not gonna decrypt it for you."
0000000000402771         mov        edi, 0x605220
0000000000402776         call       j__ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc
000000000040277b         mov        esi, 0x401fe0
0000000000402780         mov        rdi, rax
0000000000402783         call       j__ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E
0000000000402788         mov        eax, 0x1
000000000040278d         mov        rdx, qword [rbp+var_8]
0000000000402791         xor        rdx, qword [fs:0x28]
000000000040279a         je         loc_4027a1

000000000040279c         call       j___stack_chk_fail
                        ; endp

                     loc_4027a1:
00000000004027a1         leave                                                  ; CODE XREF=main+79
00000000004027a2         ret

Ok, clearly main is not going to call any useful functions. Let's see what else there is.

I found a subroutine named decrypt that might be useful:

decrypt

                    _Z7decryptNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE:        // decrypt(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >)
000000000040270e         push       rbp
000000000040270f         mov        rbp, rsp
0000000000402712         sub        rsp, 0x50
0000000000402716         mov        qword [rbp+var_48], rdi
000000000040271a         mov        qword [rbp+var_50], rsi
000000000040271e         mov        rax, qword [fs:0x28]
0000000000402727         mov        qword [rbp+var_8], rax
000000000040272b         xor        eax, eax

                    loc_40272d:
000000000040272d         mov        esi, 0x403b08                               ; "CAN'T MAKE ME DECRYPT IT. NOT GONNA DO IT! YOU AREN'T MY CREATOR!", CODE XREF=_Z7decryptNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE+59
0000000000402732         mov        edi, 0x605220
0000000000402737         call       j__ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc
000000000040273c         mov        esi, 0x401fe0
0000000000402741         mov        rdi, rax
0000000000402744         call       j__ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E
0000000000402749         jmp        loc_40272d

Nope, unfortunately, it just looks like it prints:

CAN'T MAKE ME DECRYPT IT. NOT GONNA DO IT! YOU AREN'T MY CREATOR!

How about if we we look at the encrypt function and try to reverse engineer it?

encrypt

                    loc_4021f8:
00000000004021f8         mov        eax, dword [flagLength]                     ; CODE XREF=_Z7encryptNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE+233
00000000004021fe         cmp        dword [rbp+var_264], eax
0000000000402204         jge        loc_4022a4

000000000040220a         mov        eax, dword [rbp+var_264]
0000000000402210         movsxd     rdx, eax
0000000000402213         mov        rax, qword [rbp+var_280]
000000000040221a         mov        rsi, rdx
000000000040221d         mov        rdi, rax
0000000000402220         call       j__ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEixEm
0000000000402225         movzx      eax, byte [rax]
0000000000402228         movsx      eax, al
000000000040222b         add        eax, eax
000000000040222d         xor        eax, 0x2e
0000000000402230         mov        edx, eax
0000000000402232         lea        rax, qword [rbp+var_260]
0000000000402239         mov        esi, edx
000000000040223b         mov        rdi, rax                                    ; argument #1 for method _ZNSt7__cxx119to_stringEi
000000000040223e         call       _ZNSt7__cxx119to_stringEi                   ; std::__cxx11::to_string(int)
0000000000402243         lea        rax, qword [rbp+var_240]
000000000040224a         lea        rcx, qword [rbp+var_260]
0000000000402251         mov        edx, 0x403ae1
0000000000402256         mov        rsi, rcx
0000000000402259         mov        rdi, rax
000000000040225c         call       _ZStplIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEENSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIT_T0_T1_EEOS8_PKS5_ ; std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > std::operator+<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&&, char const*)
0000000000402261         lea        rdx, qword [rbp+var_240]
0000000000402268         mov        rax, qword [rbp+var_278]
000000000040226f         mov        rsi, rdx
0000000000402272         mov        rdi, rax
0000000000402275         call       j__ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEpLERKS4_
000000000040227a         lea        rax, qword [rbp+var_240]
0000000000402281         mov        rdi, rax
0000000000402284         call       j__ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED1Ev
0000000000402289         lea        rax, qword [rbp+var_260]
0000000000402290         mov        rdi, rax
0000000000402293         call       j__ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED1Ev
0000000000402298         add        dword [rbp+var_264], 0x1
000000000040229f         jmp        loc_4021f8

This is subsection of the encrypt function that appears to be doing the encryption. We see a loop over the flag's length and some cryptic c++ function calls.

The key part is the following:

0000000000402225         movzx      eax, byte [rax]
0000000000402228         movsx      eax, al
000000000040222b         add        eax, eax
000000000040222d         xor        eax, 0x2e
0000000000402230         mov        edx, eax

This part of the subroutine takes a byte from the flag, adds it to itself and XORs it with 0x2e. Knowing this, the flag is encoded per character as: (2 * byte) XOR 0x2e.

Since we have the encrypted flag, we can reverse this function to: (byte XOR 0x2e) / 2. Let's try this in python:

>>> a = "244 72 144 182 188 184 164 136 144 230 236 198 144 166 138 180"
>>> a = a.split(' ')
>>> "".join([chr((int(x) ^ 0x2e) / 2) for x in a])
'm3_LIKES_dat_DRM'

Flag: m3_LIKES_dat_DRM

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